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Property-related risks in Vietnam decreasing
Although the risks associated with Vietnam's struggling real estate market have diminished, Fitch Ratings has warned that the country could still be vulnerable to external shocks.
In 2022, the Vietnamese government began its policy-driven crackdown on financing practices among developers in the real estate market. Two well-known developers were detained, and bond issuing regulations were tightened.
Fitch Ratings generally views the authorities' commitment to combating the emerging property-financing bubble as a positive factor for financial stability, although a lax regulatory approach is likely to have contributed to the prior rise in non-compliant underwriting practices among some developers' bond issuers over 2018–2021.
The aggressiveness of regulatory moves in 2022 crystallised liquidity and credit risks for the property and banking sectors. However, Fitch Ratings believes that, with interest rates having fallen back, the associated stress has peaked and worst-case scenarios that might have seen contingent liabilities migrate to the sovereign balance sheet appear much less likely.
In addition, Vietnam also ran down its official foreign-exchange reserves through 2022, which was largely to alleviate downward pressure on the VND. Reserves dropped from a peak of $112.2 billion in January 2022 to $85.9 billion in November 2022, before recovering slightly into 2023.
The deployment of reserves to smooth market volatility is not problematic in itself. However, Fitch Ratings views reserves as an important protection against the risks posed by external shocks in fast-growing export-oriented economies like Vietnam.
The move has eroded Vietnam’s reserve buffer, which was already small – reserves averaged 3.2 months of current account outgoings over 2018-2022, against the ‘BB’ sovereign median of 5.2 months.
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